CONTENTS
Preface and Acknowledgments = ⅷ
PART Ⅰ THE SCOPE OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS = 1
1 Overview = 5
1 Introduction = 5
2 "Core" examples from different approaches to discourse = 6
3 Plan of the book = 12
2 Definitions of Discourse = 20
1 Introduction = 20
2 Formal and functionalist paradigms = 20
3 Discourse: language above the sentence = 23
4 Discourse: language use = 31
5 Discourse: utterances = 39
6 Summary: definitions, issues, and discourse analysis = 41
PART Ⅱ APPROACHES TO DISCOURSE ANALYSIS = 45
3 Speech Act Theory = 49
1 Introduction = 49
2 Defining speech act theory = 49
3 Sample analysis: questions, requests, offers = 61
4 Speech act theory as an approach to discourse = 89
Exercises = 91
4 Interactional Sociolinguistics = 97
1 Introduction = 97
2 Defining interactional sociolinguistics = 98
3 Sample analysis: "speaking for another" = 106
4 Interactional sociolinguistics as an approach to discourse = 133
Exercises = 134
5 The Ethnography of Communication = 137
1 Introduction = 137
2 Defining the ethnography of communication = 137
3 Sample analysis: questions as speech acts in speech events = 144
4 An ethnographic approach to discourse = 185
Exercises = 186
6 Pragmatics = 190
1 Introduction = 190
2 Defining pragmatics = 191
3 Referring terms: pragmatic processes in discourse = 197
4 Sample analysis: referring sequences in narrative = 203
5 Gricean pragmatics as an approach to discourse = 226
Exercises = 228
7 Conversation Analysis = 232
1 Introduction = 232
2 Defining conversation analysis = 233
3 Sample analysis: "there + BE + ITEM" = 239
4 Conversation analysis as an approach to discourse = 273
Exercises = 279
8 Variation Analysis = 282
1 Introduction = 282
2 Defining variation analysis = 283
3 Sample analysis: the "list" as text = 291
4 The vriationist approach to discourse = 330
Exercises = 333
PART Ⅲ CONCLUSION = 335
9 Structure and Function = 339
1 Introduction = 339
2 Structure and function in discourse analysis = 339
3 Comparisons among approaches: from utterance to discourse = 353
4 Conclusion = 359
10 Text and Context = 362
1 Introduction = 362
2 What is context? = 365
3 What is text? = 378
4 Conclusion = 383
11 Discourse and Communication = 386
1 Introduction = 386
2 Aspects of communication = 387
3 Discourse analysis and models of communication = 391
4 Summary = 405
12 Conclusion: Language as Social Interaction = 406
1 Introduction = 406
2 Starting points: differences among approaches = 406
3 Principles of discourse analysis: language as social interaction = 414
4 At the borders of different disciplines = 418
Appendix 1 Collecting Data = 420
Appendix 2 Transcription Conventions = 422
Appendix 3 Sample Data = 434
Bibliography = 439
Index = 459
Preface and Acknowledgments = ⅷ
PART Ⅰ THE SCOPE OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS = 1
1 Overview = 5
1 Introduction = 5
2 "Core" examples from different approaches to discourse = 6
3 Plan of the book = 12
2 Definitions of Discourse = 20
1 Introduction = 20
2 Formal and functionalist paradigms = 20
3 Discourse: language above the sentence = 23
4 Discourse: language use = 31
5 Discourse: utterances = 39
6 Summary: definitions, issues, and discourse analysis = 41
PART Ⅱ APPROACHES TO DISCOURSE ANALYSIS = 45
3 Speech Act Theory = 49
1 Introduction = 49
2 Defining speech act theory = 49
3 Sample analysis: questions, requests, offers = 61
4 Speech act theory as an approach to discourse = 89
Exercises = 91
4 Interactional Sociolinguistics = 97
1 Introduction = 97
2 Defining interactional sociolinguistics = 98
3 Sample analysis: "speaking for another" = 106
4 Interactional sociolinguistics as an approach to discourse = 133
Exercises = 134
5 The Ethnography of Communication = 137
1 Introduction = 137
2 Defining the ethnography of communication = 137
3 Sample analysis: questions as speech acts in speech events = 144
4 An ethnographic approach to discourse = 185
Exercises = 186
6 Pragmatics = 190
1 Introduction = 190
2 Defining pragmatics = 191
3 Referring terms: pragmatic processes in discourse = 197
4 Sample analysis: referring sequences in narrative = 203
5 Gricean pragmatics as an approach to discourse = 226
Exercises = 228
7 Conversation Analysis = 232
1 Introduction = 232
2 Defining conversation analysis = 233
3 Sample analysis: "there + BE + ITEM" = 239
4 Conversation analysis as an approach to discourse = 273
Exercises = 279
8 Variation Analysis = 282
1 Introduction = 282
2 Defining variation analysis = 283
3 Sample analysis: the "list" as text = 291
4 The vriationist approach to discourse = 330
Exercises = 333
PART Ⅲ CONCLUSION = 335
9 Structure and Function = 339
1 Introduction = 339
2 Structure and function in discourse analysis = 339
3 Comparisons among approaches: from utterance to discourse = 353
4 Conclusion = 359
10 Text and Context = 362
1 Introduction = 362
2 What is context? = 365
3 What is text? = 378
4 Conclusion = 383
11 Discourse and Communication = 386
1 Introduction = 386
2 Aspects of communication = 387
3 Discourse analysis and models of communication = 391
4 Summary = 405
12 Conclusion: Language as Social Interaction = 406
1 Introduction = 406
2 Starting points: differences among approaches = 406
3 Principles of discourse analysis: language as social interaction = 414
4 At the borders of different disciplines = 418
Appendix 1 Collecting Data = 420
Appendix 2 Transcription Conventions = 422
Appendix 3 Sample Data = 434
Bibliography = 439
Index = 459