CONTENTS
Preface = xi
Sources = xix
Chapter 1 Metaphorical Competence = 1
Ⅰ Knowledge that Metaphor, Knowledge of Metaphor, and Knowledge by Metaphor = 1
Ⅱ Metaphor and Context-dependence : A Quick Tour of the Argument = 9
Ⅲ Methodological Preliminaries = 21
Chapter 2 From Metaphorical Use to Metaphorical Meaning = 33
Ⅰ Meaning vs. Use = 36
Ⅱ If Literal Meaning, Why Not Metaphorical Meaning? = 39
Ⅲ Metaphorical／literal Dependence Ⅰ : Davidson's Causal Explanation = 45
Ⅳ Metaphorical／literal Dependence Ⅱ : Davidson on Referential Definite Descriptions, Malapropisms, and Metaphor = 55
Ⅴ The Autonomy of Meaning and Metaphor = 60
Ⅵ Is a Semantic Theory of Metaphor Possible? = 71
Chapter 3 Themes from Demonstratives = 77
Ⅰ Some Prehistory = 78
Ⅱ Character and Content = 81
Ⅲ Direct Reference : Singular and Predicative = 83
Ⅳ Indexicals and the Parametric Determination of Their Referents = 88
Ⅴ Dthat-descriptions and Complete Demonstratives = 93
Ⅵ Demonstrations as Presentations = 95
Ⅶ Dthat-descriptions = 100
Chapter 4 Knowledge of Metaphor = 105
Ⅰ The Context of a Metaphor : Presuppositions = 107
Ⅱ Presupposition, Belief, Pretense, and Presupposition = 117
Ⅲ Utterance-presuppositions and Metaphor = 121
Ⅳ Is Knowledge of Metaphorical Character Really Semantic? = 132
Chapter 5 Knowledge by Metaphorical Content = 145
Ⅰ A History of Similarity in Metaphor = 146
Ⅱ Exemplification = 153
Ⅲ Metaphors of Exemplification = 156
Ⅳ Thematic and Inductive Networks = 169
Ⅴ Lakoff et al. on Metaphor = 176
Ⅵ Exemplification, Catachresis, and De Re Knowledge by Metaphor = 187
Chapter 6 Metaphorical Character and Metaphorical Meaning = 197
Ⅰ Knowledge of 'Mthat' = 198
Ⅱ Metaphorical Incompetence = 201
Ⅲ The Interpretation vs. Evaluation of a Metaphor = 205
Ⅳ Metaphorical Meaning = 214
Ⅴ Metaphor and Indirect Speech Acts = 222
Ⅵ Nominative Metaphors = 225
Ⅶ Metaphor and Simile = 229
Ⅷ Is There One Natural Kind of Trope? = 232
Ⅸ Three Semantic Theories of Metaphor : A Comparison = 238
Ⅹ Objections and Replies = 248
Chapter 7 Knowledge by Metaphorical Character = 259
Ⅰ Marie's Problem - and Ours = 259
Ⅱ The Rise and Fall of Literal Paraphrasability = 262
Ⅲ The Endlessness of Metaphorical Interpretation = 267
Ⅳ Metaphorical Mode of Presentation = 272
Ⅴ Surprise = 274
Ⅵ Metaphorical Perspective = 277
Ⅶ Metaphor and Seeing-as = 281
Ⅷ Metaphor and Pictures Ⅰ = 285
Ⅸ Metaphor and Pictures Ⅱ = 289
Ⅹ Belief in Metaphor : Marie Again = 295
XI The Moral of the Story = 299
Chapter 8 From the Metaphorical to the Literal = 301
Ⅰ Nonlinguistic Metaphors = 301
Ⅱ Historical and Contemporary Notions of the Literal = 303
Ⅲ Dead Metaphors = 309
Ⅳ Literal Interpretations as Context-independent Interpretations = 316
Notes = 321
References = 363
Index = 379
Preface = xi
Sources = xix
Chapter 1 Metaphorical Competence = 1
Ⅰ Knowledge that Metaphor, Knowledge of Metaphor, and Knowledge by Metaphor = 1
Ⅱ Metaphor and Context-dependence : A Quick Tour of the Argument = 9
Ⅲ Methodological Preliminaries = 21
Chapter 2 From Metaphorical Use to Metaphorical Meaning = 33
Ⅰ Meaning vs. Use = 36
Ⅱ If Literal Meaning, Why Not Metaphorical Meaning? = 39
Ⅲ Metaphorical／literal Dependence Ⅰ : Davidson's Causal Explanation = 45
Ⅳ Metaphorical／literal Dependence Ⅱ : Davidson on Referential Definite Descriptions, Malapropisms, and Metaphor = 55
Ⅴ The Autonomy of Meaning and Metaphor = 60
Ⅵ Is a Semantic Theory of Metaphor Possible? = 71
Chapter 3 Themes from Demonstratives = 77
Ⅰ Some Prehistory = 78
Ⅱ Character and Content = 81
Ⅲ Direct Reference : Singular and Predicative = 83
Ⅳ Indexicals and the Parametric Determination of Their Referents = 88
Ⅴ Dthat-descriptions and Complete Demonstratives = 93
Ⅵ Demonstrations as Presentations = 95
Ⅶ Dthat-descriptions = 100
Chapter 4 Knowledge of Metaphor = 105
Ⅰ The Context of a Metaphor : Presuppositions = 107
Ⅱ Presupposition, Belief, Pretense, and Presupposition = 117
Ⅲ Utterance-presuppositions and Metaphor = 121
Ⅳ Is Knowledge of Metaphorical Character Really Semantic? = 132
Chapter 5 Knowledge by Metaphorical Content = 145
Ⅰ A History of Similarity in Metaphor = 146
Ⅱ Exemplification = 153
Ⅲ Metaphors of Exemplification = 156
Ⅳ Thematic and Inductive Networks = 169
Ⅴ Lakoff et al. on Metaphor = 176
Ⅵ Exemplification, Catachresis, and De Re Knowledge by Metaphor = 187
Chapter 6 Metaphorical Character and Metaphorical Meaning = 197
Ⅰ Knowledge of 'Mthat' = 198
Ⅱ Metaphorical Incompetence = 201
Ⅲ The Interpretation vs. Evaluation of a Metaphor = 205
Ⅳ Metaphorical Meaning = 214
Ⅴ Metaphor and Indirect Speech Acts = 222
Ⅵ Nominative Metaphors = 225
Ⅶ Metaphor and Simile = 229
Ⅷ Is There One Natural Kind of Trope? = 232
Ⅸ Three Semantic Theories of Metaphor : A Comparison = 238
Ⅹ Objections and Replies = 248
Chapter 7 Knowledge by Metaphorical Character = 259
Ⅰ Marie's Problem - and Ours = 259
Ⅱ The Rise and Fall of Literal Paraphrasability = 262
Ⅲ The Endlessness of Metaphorical Interpretation = 267
Ⅳ Metaphorical Mode of Presentation = 272
Ⅴ Surprise = 274
Ⅵ Metaphorical Perspective = 277
Ⅶ Metaphor and Seeing-as = 281
Ⅷ Metaphor and Pictures Ⅰ = 285
Ⅸ Metaphor and Pictures Ⅱ = 289
Ⅹ Belief in Metaphor : Marie Again = 295
XI The Moral of the Story = 299
Chapter 8 From the Metaphorical to the Literal = 301
Ⅰ Nonlinguistic Metaphors = 301
Ⅱ Historical and Contemporary Notions of the Literal = 303
Ⅲ Dead Metaphors = 309
Ⅳ Literal Interpretations as Context-independent Interpretations = 316
Notes = 321
References = 363
Index = 379